The Universal Lessons of Oedipus the King Essay Example

The Universal Lessons of Oedipus the King Paper The Universal Lessons of Oedipus the King Oedipus the King is an emotional story of an incredible ruler brought somewhere around â€Å"fate† and the fate of the divine beings. It is an account of conflict over occasions that were out of one’s control yet basically dealt with such that lone created additional pulverization and despair. There are numerous all inclusive exercises to be learned by Oedipus and his shocking story; exercises that each man today could profit by, for example, the destructions of pomposity and narrow-mindedness, the grave missteps in being critical and hypocritical, and the repercussions of rushing to act without adequate information. Presently, I am here. I will start the inquiry once more, I will uncover reality, uncover everything, let everything be seen† (160-163). This line verbally expressed by Oedipus close to the beginning of the play obviously exhibits his propensities toward egotism and discourteousness. He brags of his capacities above others past and states how he will come to discover reality when they proved unable. He proceeds to uncover that he is doing so for the most part for narrow minded reasons. â€Å"Justice and retaliation are what I need. [†¦] Family, friendsâ€I won’t free myself of this stain, this infection, for themâ€they’re a long way from here. I’ll do it for myself, for me† (165, 167-169). Oedipus permits his egotistical self image to hinder him here. The individuals are needing assistance and he professes to be the one in particular who can give it. He assumes control over issues and concludes that for his own brilliance he will find the privileged insights of the past and lives before his appearance in Thebes. He at that point uncovers that he is doing so for the most part for his own advantage. I think he substantiates himself haughty in his professes to have the option to reveal reality and such activities and disposition end up being met with disagreeable closures. We will compose a custom paper test on The Universal Lessons of Oedipus the King explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on The Universal Lessons of Oedipus the King explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on The Universal Lessons of Oedipus the King explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer After Oedipus makes these intense cases that he and only he can reveal the guilty party he looks for, he accumulates his missteps by rushing to pass judgment. He declares his obvious honesty and rapidly condemns whosoever is the liable party. â€Å"I think nothing about the homicide, I was separated from everyone else, how might I have followed the executioner, without a sign, I came to Thebes after the wrongdoing was finished. [†¦] these words originate from and blameless man. One of you realizes who executed Laios (294-296, 298-299). After rapidly reporting his own honesty, Oedipus proceeds to denounce the blameworthy. My capacity is outright in Thebes, my standard reaches all over the place, my words will drive the liable man, the man who knows, out of this city, away from Thebes, for eternity. [†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦] Drive him from your homes. Let him have no home, nothing. No words, no food, cover, warmth of hand, shared love. Let him have nothing. Drive him out, let him kick the bucket. He is our ailment. [†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. ] let my contempt wear out his life, disdain, consistently. Make him an ash of affliction. Make all his bliss remains (313-315, 324-327, and 335-338). Oedipus openly offers these expressions, presumptuously banishing the offender, at the same time unconsciously denouncing himself. When he expresses his capacity to be the main friend in need of Thebes and vows to remove the â€Å"disease† of the city, Oedipus wraps himself excessively far up in his own proud journey that he can't see when other are attempting to kill him his way of implosion. Teiresias cautions Oedipus that his compatibility of the past will just bring him distress yet he disregards these alerts, constraining Teiresias to talk. â€Å"Stubborn old moron, you’d drive a stone mad! Mention to me what you know! Let's assume it! † (449-450). Jocasta, his significant other, even asks Oedipus to leave these interests once she learns the tragedy of reality and Oedipus disregards her too. JOCASTA. Oedipus, you should stop. I ask youâ€stop! OEDIPUS. Nothing can stop me now. I should know it all. Everything! JOCASTA. I beg you, Oedipus. To your benefit. OEDIPUS. Damn my own great! (1329-1334) Oedipus does precisely that. He damns his own great by being surpassed by his narrow minded self-importance, pompous judgment, and his brisk activity in obliviousness. Oedipus ends up being the killer he looks for. He unconsciously is the â€Å"disease† he talks about removing from the city. These occasions meet up to fortify age-old life exercises. One ought to never loll in his own capacities and be bombastic of his abilities, but instead be unassuming and persevering towards any achievement. One ought not rush to pass judgment on others when they are uninformed of the realities. This likewise mirrors the expression, â€Å"people in glass houses shouldn’t toss stones. † Oedipus was unconsciously living in a monster glass house that unavoidably came slamming down on him. He ridiculed the visually impaired Teiresias, just to wind up daze himself at long last. He criticized his own name by defaming that of a guilty party he searched out. He denounced his own life by censuring another. He didn’t notice the guidance of others however rather pushed on his own childish way to what unwittingly prompted his death. The exercises of Oedipus are genuinely general. What one wishes to get, one should give. Individuals should act with empathy and understanding and make certain to have the real factors before making decisions. Self-centeredness will just prompt depression and misery. At long last, however Oedipus’ story is more emotional than most cutting edge circumstances, one could wind up precisely equivalent to he on the off chance that they don't notice these exercises. Nothing, nothing remains of me nowâ€no city with its high dividers, no sparkling sculptures of the divine beings. I took every one of these things from myselfâ€I, Oedipus, fallen lower than any man currently, brought into the world nobler than the best. Brought into the world the ruler of Thebes! Reviled with my own condemnations, I told Thebes to drive out an executioner. I exiled the regal child of Laios, the man the divine beings uncovered is recolored with the terrible stain. The mystery stain that I myself uncovered is my stain. Furthermore, presently, uncovered finally, how would I be able to ever look at men without flinching? Never. Never.

Innovation And Entrepreneurship

Question: Examine about theInnovation And Entrepreneurship. Answer: Presentation Advancement alludes to the way toward changing over a one of a kind thought or innovation into an assistance or an item that is of incentive to clients who are eager to pay for it. While thoughts are many, for them to meet all requirements to turn into a creation, they should be replicable at a prudent worth that having the option to fulfill the particular needs of the end clients (Pisano, 2015). Steady advances of innovation brings about developmental advancements. This is in direct difference to progressive developments that are problematic and sudden in nature (Corona-Trevino, 2016). We can along these lines reason that while development prompts benefits; it is additionally interchangeable with chance taking. An inside and out comprehension of the end client, his needs and the capacity to fulfill these necessities are characteristic for fruitful development. Requirement For Innovation Tragically, regardless of the tremendous speculations of endeavors, time and cash, numerous associations can't profit by the open doors that are introduced to them (Pisano, 2015). Development is fundamental to molding the accomplishment of any new pursuit. Nonetheless, the imaginative procedures should be overseen in a legitimate way all together for the association to receive the rewards of the procedure. We can see a few intriguing instances of development that caught the psyches of customers and lead to a noteworthy lift to the benefit of the association. This incorporates the presentation of ATMs by Citibank; the Walkman from Sony; the presentation of outspread tires by Michelin and even the presentation of content processors that have added to the death of the unassuming typewriter. Then again all uncertain issues are lost open doors for associations which will in general endure money related misfortunes because of the failure to gain by the open door introduced to them. The ver y idea of open development targets making inflows just as surges of information in order to start and add to inward advancement (Corona-Trevino, 2016). Connection Between Innovation and Entrepreneurship A mix of advancement, expert liveliness and hazard taking are vital for any business to commence (Pisano, 2015). Alternately, enterprise might be characterized as the eagerness of an association to help chance while empowering innovativeness and being adaptable. This procedure guarantees the reestablishment of the association. While there are numerous who contend that any change that happens remotely requires an inward change simply on the grounds that it demands the associations change to guarantee its endurance. Obviously, effective organizations will in general start changes in innovation or showcasing; yet additionally in the association overall in light of changes in the outer condition (Rosenbusch, Brinckmann, Bausch, 2011). The accentuation here is on proactive, creative methodologies that incorporate a component of hazard taking for the association (Pisano, 2015). We can, truth be told, express that corporate business enterprise is known to add to the endurance of the firm an d its reliable exhibition (Barringer Bluedorn, 1999). Advancement is known to positively affect the presentation of all associations engaged with the procedure including SMEs (Rosenbusch, Brinckmann, Bausch, 2011). Distinguishing Niches, Target Audiences and Innovation Advancement is tied in with recognizing the requirements of or making needs in end purchasers. At the end of the day, we can say that need is the single segment that drives development across businesses. The need might be through the ID of customers needs (request pull approach) or the making of a need in the market (a gracefully push approach). For example the presentation of ATM cards can be viewed as a flexibly push approach, while the presentation of the word processor might be named an interest pull approach. The key component to be concerned is that business visionaries will in general contend that the thought being talked about is special and offers a completive edge over their adversaries (Rosenbusch, Brinckmann, Bausch, 2011). Littler enterprises can gain by their favorable circumstances of fast usage and inventive practices to represent a danger to bigger and progressively settled firms (Rosenbusch, Brinckmann, Bausch, 2011). Creative Entrepreneuership and Differential Thinking We a see that creative business people will in general think and respond distinctively when contrasted with their companions who are more laidback. Some the key characteristics that recognize inventive business people are (Bessant Todd, 2007) The capacity to recognize potential developments in front of their friends Being apathetic as it furnishes motivation to finish an assignment with lesser endeavors and higher proficiency Consistent note takers who will in general scribble down moment subtleties The capacity to find some kind of harmony among flawlessness and practice Channelize dread to accomplish advancement Appreciate troublesome just as transformative advancement Are multi-faceted and ready to thoroughly consider of the container In this manner, business visionaries are self-spurred and want to continually improve procedures and merchandise (Huszar, Pronay, Buzas, 2016). Truth be told, it is exact to express that fruitful developments abuse change to support the concerned people. It is basic that associations are prepared to forsake the recognizable and grasp change for the accomplishment of the business enterprise. Developing Technologies andEntrepreneuership Efficient advancement includes a composed and intentional way to deal with changes, which we couple with a precise investigation of the effect of these progressions on the economy and society. We can unmistakably observe that development is natural for financial development (Corona-Trevino, 2016). As it were, the presentation of creative items and administrations, through imaginative advancements are basic for the proceeded with development of any association (Arafeh, 2016). Hence the seeds of development are required for associations to benefit from them in order to create benefits for the association in general (Pisano, 2015). Be that as it may, while advancement is basic for innovation based associations, it's anything but an assurance for progress (Martin, 1994). The budgetary limitations and the worldwide financial powers have added to the requirement for development based firms in the present monetary circumstance. Development begins with a procedure that cuts over all offices and chain of command levels in an association (Pisano, 2015). It can likewise be contended that advancement and execution are firmly connected with one another (Rosenbusch, Brinckmann, Bausch, 2011). We in this way watch the presence of two prevalent ways to deal with the way where developing advances sway business enterprise, viz., the gracefully push approach d the interest pull approach. While the gracefully push approach is a progressively forceful methodology; the interest pull approach will in general be increasingly proactive. As the names propose, the interest pull approach is distinguishing a need among the end shoppers and having the option to oblige them however the usage f a rising innovation. A flexibly push approach anyway implies seeing an item that is found as financially feasible and afterward making market for a similar utilizing forceful promoting innovations. This will in general include an increasingly forceful advertising exertion for making he requirement for item or administration rather than the previous methodology of just taking into account a current interest (Pisano, 2015). Steps in Creatung and Implementing an Innovative Strategy Advancement should be conceptualized inside his association (Corona-Trevino, 2016). We have distinguished four stages in making and keeping up an inventive technique. The initial step is distinguishing the requirement for development in order to make an incentive for client and the organization. The subsequent advance includes the formation of a key arrangement for asset allotment so as to energize development and imaginative reasoning. The third step is an increasingly monetary related activity and is worried about making exchange off between the requirements of the buyer and the organization. This progression includes a lot of client inclusion. The last advance is the need to perceive and recognize those methodologies that need to develop to keep on being inventive for the customer and the organization, subsequently producing benefits for the association an entire (Pisano, 2015). The methodology features the requirement for basic activities like being set up for possibilities, giving new bits of knowledge into the procedure, and affecting the presentation of the people associated with the development (Rosenbusch, Brinckmann, Bausch, 2011). The inquiry that is constantly looked by business visionaries is the degree to which business visionaries need be worried about the effect of advancement on existing procedures just as the requirement for inner development in the association. We can see that while there keeps on being a consistent deluge of youthful daring individuals taking a gander at a difficult existing procedures, development that is both efficient just as suitable is required for the accomplishment of the association (Zimmerer Scarborough, 2008). End All associations that work across fringes will in general be overpowered by the culturally diverse condition wherein they work. They will in general be presented to intriguing difficulties, openings and dangers that have no point of reference. The current day business person isn't just worried about benefits, but on the other hand is enthused about adding to society. Along these lines, we presently observe another variety of inventive business visionaries who take a gander at development as a methods for adding to society when all is said in done when contrasted with the unfathomably extraordinary nature of their partners around 10 years back. Advancement is consequently an instrument to misuse change, which we can accomplish however a taught approach. Development has subsequently advanced as an adjustment of the evolving industry, and monetary condition. We can in this way securely reason that the life span of an endeavor is reliant fair and square of development it is eager to gras p. References Arafeh, L. (2016). An

Writing Essay Topics For IELTS

Writing Essay Topics For IELTSWriting essay topics for IELTS is a very important skill in the modern world. It is often said that, as a person ages, their skills will begin to weaken and they may struggle with foreign language skills. In an interview to a prospective employer I was asked why I would want to do such a difficult task.Writing an essay is an art in itself and I knew I had to put my best foot forward. What made me realise how important the topic of the essay was, was when I arrived for the interview and presented myself as competent in English language skills. As I have to prepare for the IELTS material for a future test, it is vital to do so in a way that will stand out from all others. I have found that by finding the right subject matter for my topic, I am able to remain focused on delivering the highest quality product possible.IELTS is a test which is given to candidates who are preparing for either their advanced level degree or for their first qualifications. It is the most challenging and will take the best student to achieve the minimum result.The most essential aspects of writing subject topics for IELTS include not only the introduction but also the body of the document. There are many different types of subject material available in various subjects. Therefore, when choosing your subject it is vital to select the subject that you find most interesting, but also that is relevant to your subject. This can be difficult at times, especially if you have spent many years studying a particular subject and its associated literature.When composing your IELTS document, you must create an outline of what the essay should be about and decide whether you will use specific examples from the chosen literature. In addition, you must decide how you are going to organize your material, such as will it be by sections or chapters?By using these two tips, you are well on your way to writing essays for IELTS that will impress both potential employers and univ ersity tutors. When it comes to essay topics for IELTS there are a number of ways you can choose to structure your text.The most popular of these different ways is the method of combining the three main writing systems, narrative, argumentative and the combination of quotations and other types of analysis. This is the approach most of the top exam takers take to prepare for their tests.

Criminal Justice Act 2003 - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2892 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Essay any type Level High school Did you like this example? Criminal Justice Act 2003 ‘Parliaments purpose in the legislation, as we divine it from the terms of the Act, was to assist in the evidence based conviction of the guilty, without putting those who are not guilty at risk of conviction by prejudice (R v Hanson [2005] 2 Cr App R 21, Rose LJ at [4]). In light of the above statement, evaluate the provisions of the Criminal Justice Act 2003, and the relevant case law under the Act, relating to attack on anothers character. Sections 98 to 113 of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 (CJA) represent a significant change from the accepted common law approach to the methods by which bad character evidence could be introduced in the course of criminal trial proceedings. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Criminal Justice Act 2003" essay for you Create order Notwithstanding the criticisms directed against the legislation from various quarters, an objective appraisal of the provisions themselves and the judicial interpretations provided since the passage of the CJA confirms that to a large degree, the observations of Rose LJ noted in the title as to Parliaments purpose are accurate. As importantly, the evidentiary regime established in the CJA strikes a fair and fundamental balance between the principles of reasonable doubt, the right of the defendant to make full answer and defence to a criminal charge, and the societal interest in the effective prosecution of crime. This paper commences with an overview of the most important changes to the previous law concerning bad character that are now established by the CJA. The procedure contemplated by the joint effect of the CJA provisions and the Criminal Procedure Rules (CPR) is also considered and evaluated. The paper then provides an examination of the principles that support the ad missibility of bad character evidence concerning defendant and non-defendant witnesses, with the seven specific ‘gateways for such evidence as defined by the CJA given specific consideration. The cases decided since 2004 and relevant academic commentaries are also highlighted. There are three particular aspects to the CJA regime that guide the present analysis and require specific attention in this regard. These are: The abolition of the common law rules that previously governed such admissibility as well as the prior rules provided in the Criminal Evidence Act 1898 concerning the cross-examination of defendants as to character Evidence of bad character concerning a non-defendant is admissible by leave of the court on specific grounds Evidence of the defendants bad character is generally admissible on a wider range of prospective trial issues, by virtue of the seven specific ‘gateways established by the CJA There is no question that the Criminal Justice Act 2003, Part 11 represents a fundamental alteration of prior English law concerning the general admissibility of bad character evidence. Placed in an admittedly restricted nutshell, the prior law confirmed that the prosecution could not adduce evidence of the defendants bad character (other than evidence concerning the offence charged or offences against the administration of justice committed in relation to the offence charged). The prosecution was also prohibited from leading evidence of the defendants propensity to commit criminal acts even if relevant to the charge. In this way, the previous bad character evidence rules were an exception to the general rule that all relevant evidence is admissible in a criminal trial. The traditional caveat advanced in this respect that justified the exclusion of evidence of bad character was that it is often irrelevant to the proof of a defendants guilt; insofar as it is relevant, its prej udicial effect outweighs its probative value. The reworking of the law in the CJA commences with the definition of bad character provided at s.98 and s.112. There are two specific ingredients in the definition. Bad character evidence may include any evidence of misconduct or a â€Å"disposition† towards misconduct; it may also include misconduct established through evidence of the â€Å"†¦commission of an offence or other reprehensible conduct†. Subject to special procedures that governed the admissibility of ‘similar fact evidence that also may have provided the basis for bad character evidence to be admitted against a defendant, the case law that has subsequently interpreted the admittedly broad expressions ‘misconduct and ‘reprehensible conduct as employed in the CJA has given each phrase a sensible meaning. If the entire purpose of criminal evidence rules may be summarised as achieving the balance between private rights to full def ence and the interest of the state as contended in the papers opening paragraph, the case law achieves this purpose. In Weir, the Court of Appeal determined that the propensity to commit crime on the part of an accused could be proven with reference to the defendants commission of other crimes, but the prosecution could establish propensity by other means. The ‘other means were fleshed out in the other case law, including Renda, where the Court ruled that a prosecution witness may be cross-examined about incidents of misconduct known to the defendant which had never themselves been the subject of a criminal charge. It is contended that a greater breadth afforded judicial discretion to admit bad character does not improperly impair the defence so much as it ensures a greater range of relevant evidence may be considered by the court. This discretion is placed within a procedural construct that has proven useful in the relatively brief life of the CJA provisions. The pr osecution is required to provide the defendant a minimum of 14 days notice of its intention to introduce bad character evidence at trial; the defendant has the opportunity to object prior to the tendering of the proposed evidence and a ruling will be obtained accordingly. The procedure applies to bad character evidence proposed by the prosecution and such evidence a defendant proposes to call with respect to a co-defendant. These rules achieve two important results not necessarily guaranteed under the former regime where applications of this nature were regularly permitted to be made by trail judges within the trial proper. The defence will not be surprised or in any way caught unawares by the prosecution application to rely on bad character evidence. In a system of justice that historically exhibited reluctance to provide full disclosure of the entire case relied upon by the prosecution in advance of trial, this Rule is a very positive development that promotes the overarc hing principle of procedural fairness. The secondary benefit achieved through this procedure is a more focused trial. Jurors and witnesses ought to expect that they shall attend a proceeding that will not be diverted from the orderly calling of evidence by virtue of unexpected motions brought to resolve questions of admissibility that can be resolved efficiently at the pre-trial application stage. Further, the notice provisions provided in the CJA and the Rules of Criminal Procedure permit all parties to make appropriate enquiries in advance of trial concerning the intended evidence. In this important sense, the relevance of the evidence can be buttressed or challenged in a thorough and effective way where appropriate. The distinction in the treatment of bad character evidence that pertains to non-defendants and defendants is confirmed in s. 100 CJA. It is important to note that the often problematic evidentiary rules concerning the cross-examination of a sexual assault complainant are excluded from the operation of the CJA in this respect. It is contended that this exception is the one significant difficulty revealed by the revisions. The special provisions that were enacted to govern the admissibility of prior sexual history evidence have attracted significant attention. For example, there is a legitimate need to ensure that a defendant in a sexual offence prosecution is not permitted to equate the fact that a woman did not make complaint concerning his conduct at an earlier time with the conclusion that the present complaint must be false. Criminal trials should not be determined on the basis of ‘rape myths or stereotypical notions of how a rape victim ought to behave. However, it would be preferable that all criminal evidence be evaluated using the same criteria. The CJA framework is entirely suited to prevent the introduction of such evidence when the ‘gateway principles are applied; special consideration for specific offenc es undermines the cohesiveness of the law. In all other respects, the language used in s. 100 section provides the clearest possible demarcation between the permitted approaches to the tendering of non-defendant bad character evidence. Only where the proposed evidence is important explanatory evidence, or where the evidence is directed to an issue in the proceedings and it is of substantial importance to the presentation of the case as a whole may it be admitted. The section provides amplification on the definition of the phrase ‘important explanatory evidence as evidence without which the jury would find the case difficult or impossible to understand (all emphasis added). A semantic criticism may be made that the use of ‘difficult and ‘impossible in the same definitional expression is clumsy and may lead to inconsistency given the different each term provides as a condition precedent to admissibility. However, the underlying philosophy inherent in the s ection is sound. Bad character evidence that relates to non-defendants ought to be pre-screened by the trial judge to ensure its relevance and to give greater assurance that the trial process is not distracted from the consideration of important evidence. The subsequent case law has properly limited ‘misconduct evidence to exclude an arrest on a criminal charge; the section imposes a higher test with respect to the introduction of a non-defendants bad character than does the test for the introduction of a defendants bad character. Prospective bad character evidence concerning a defendant is potentially admissible through one or more of the seven procedural ‘gateways established in s. 101 (1) CJA. Each provision has a valid trial fairness objective; for example, bad character admitted on consent, or such evidence led to rebut a defence attack on another persons character are as rooted in common sense as they are fair adjudicative principles. The gateways that res tate the importance of explanatory evidence to give a fact situation appropriate context, and the traditional relevance / probative value versus prejudicial test developed in the common law warrant further examination in this regard. These are the most important and the most litigated provisions in the gateway structure. Edwards provides a useful example of how a court will assess how important background evidence must be to the understanding of the entire case. In this decision, the Court of Appeal confirmed that for a jury to properly understand the nuance of a heroin trafficking transaction, evidence could be called by the prosecution to explain how such transactions proceeded if they were to understand why a witness said that they could identify the defendant. Relevance to an important matter between the defence and the prosecution as described in s. 101 (1) (d) CJA is not restricted to the defendants alleged propensity to commit the subject crime or crime generally. The provision represents a barrier to the prosecution to call such evidence if it is not central to its chief purpose. For example, whilst the previous common law based limitations on the tendering of a defendants criminal record was often regarded as highly prejudicial to the prosecution, the revisions enacted in the CJA provisions do not countenance the wholesale introduction of such evidence, notwithstanding how attractive the evidence might be to the prosecution in the context of its desire to make the most of its position. Campbell is a decision that underscores why the CJA provisions strike the appropriate balance between defendant interests and the jurys ability to fairly decide the case. The trial judge in Campbell permitted the jury to hear evidence of the defendants two prior convictions without permitting them to hear any other background into those earlier events. It is not surprising that after the judges charge to the jury, this question was asked by the jur y, â€Å"What was the significance of revealing the defendants two previous assault convictions? Anything else we should know?The introduction of a criminal conviction alone absent information that provides context to the events that led to the previous entry may result in a skewed understanding of the defendant that prejudices the defence position; the approved course by virtue of Campbell is that the jury should be warned not to attach too much weight to bad character evidence, let alone conclude that the defendant is guilty simply because of his bad character. The substantial probative value requirement for bad character evidence as confirmed in s. 101 (1) (e) reinforces the traditional bedrock proposition of criminal evidence admissibility – judges must ensure that the probative value exceeds its prejudicial effect. By placing this important principle within the seven avenue evidentiary gateway, the CJA achieves a comprehensive effect concerning the admissibility and appropriate evaluation of bad character evidence that the prior pastiche of common law principles and circumstance driven exceptions could never achieve. When all of the provisions discussed above are taken together, a clear picture is drawn of the over all effect of the CJA with respect to the admissibility of bad character evidence. The law has been made more certain, but not at the expense of trial or procedural fairness. Relevance and probative value are given their due, and the ability of the defence to counter evidence that passes the CJA standards is unimpaired by its approach as contained in sections 98 to 113. Bibliography Statutes and Rules considered Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms 1982 Canada Evidence Act 1990 Criminal Justice Act 2003, ss. 98 -113 Criminal Procedure Rules, Part 35 Cases and reports considered A, R v [2001] 3 All ER 1 Boardman v DPP [1975] AC 421 Bovell and Dowds, R v [2005] EWCA Crim 1091 Campbell, R v [2007] 1 WLR 2798 Corbett , R. v. (1988) 41 C.C.C. (3d) 385 Edwards, Fysh Duggan Chohan, R v [2005] EWCA Crim 1813 Hanson, Gilmore and Pickstone, R v [2005] EWCA Crim 824 Highton, Van Nguyen and Carp, R v [2005] EWCA Crim 1985 Humphris, R v [2005] EWCA Crim 2030 Maxwell v DPP [1935] AC 309 OBrien v Chief Constable of South Wales Police [2005] 2 WLR 1038 Renda Others, R v [2005] EWCA Crim 2826 Weir Others, R v [2005] EWCA Crim 2866 Authorities considered Allen, Christopher (2006) Evidence QA 2005-2006 6/e London: Cavendish Routledge Crown Prosecution Service (2008). Bad Character Evidence [online] Retrieved March 15, 2010 at: https://www.cps.gov.uk/legal/a_to_c/bad_character_evidence/ Durston, Gregory (2004) ‘Bad character evidence and non-party witnesses under the Criminal Justice Act 2003 International Journal of Evidence and Proof 8, 4: 233-239 Law Commission Evidence of Bad Character in Criminal Proceedings (Report) [2001] EWLC 273(2) Fowles, Tony (2006) ‘Counterblast: The Criminal Justice Act 2003 The End of an Era? Howard Journal of Criminal Justice 45, 1: 71-73 OBrian, William E. (2009) ‘The Right of Confrontation: US and European Perspectives Warwick S chool of Law Research (2005) 121 LQR 481-510 Spencer, J.R. (2006). Evidence of Bad Character. Oxford: Hart Publishing. E.g. Fowles, Tony (2006) ‘Counterblast: The Criminal Justice Act 2003 The End of an Era? Howard Journal of Criminal Justice 45, 1: 71-73; OBrian, William E. (2009) ‘The Right of Confrontation: US and European Perspectives Warwick School of Law Research (2005) 121 LQR 481-510 The Bibliography reveals a large number of decisions in this area that were rendered between 2005 and 2007, the time frame within which the first trial decisions that applied the new CJA procedures were considered by the Court of Appeal. S.99 (1) CJA S.100 S. 101(1); the ‘gateways are subsections (a) through (g) Ss.98 to 113, CJA E.g. Escaping lawful custody or resisting arrest Maxwell v DPP [1935] AC 309 ; Lord Hailsham described the contests between prosecution and defence over propensity evidence as having left a â€Å"pitted battlefield † ( DPP v Boardman [1975] AC 421, 445), a testament to the historical importance of this issue in English law that underscores the significance of the CJA provisions Law Commission Evidence of Bad Character in Criminal Proceedings (Report) [2001] EWLC 273(2) Ss. 98, 112 Similar fact evidence admissibility (so called) was subject to the common law rules confirmed in Boardman v DPP [1975] AC 421, where the fundamental evidentiary test of prejudicial effect versus probative value applicable to all types of evidence generally governed similar fact admissibility Weir Others, R v [2005] EWCA Crim 2866 Renda Others, R v [2005] EWCA Crim 2826 By virtue of the combined operation of ss. 111(2), CJA and Part 35, Rules of Criminal Procedure ibid Ibid; see Hanson, [2005] EWCA Crim 824, para 117 Other Anglo-American jurisdictions such as Canada opted to enshrine full disclosure and prosecutorial notice in bad character evidence applications in their laws so me years ago. See Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, s.7, the Canada Evidence Act, s. 12 and the leading case of Corbett (1988), 41 C.C.C. (3d) 385 at 399-401 See Humphris [2005] EWCA Crim 2030; Edwards [2005] EWCA Crim 1813; Bovell and Dowds [2005] EWCA Crim 1091, all cases that reinforce the relationship between procedural fairness and the s.111(2) CJA provisions S. 41 Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act; see also Durston, Gregory (2004) ‘Bad character evidence and non-party witnesses under the Criminal Justice Act 2003 International Journal of Evidence and Proof 8, 4: 233-239 R v A [2001] 3 All ER 1 ibid Weir, para 73, 74 Ibid, 36; see also OBrien v Chief Constable of South Wales Police [2005] 2 WLR 1038 S.101 (1) (a) S.101 (g) S. 101 (c); the traditional rules concerning res gestae statements will form a part of this consideration Ss. 101 (d) and (e), respectively [2005] EWCA Crim 1813, para 70, 71 Ibid; an important weaknes s in the prior law is discussed in Crown Prosecution Service (2008). Bad Character Evidence [online] Retrieved March 15, 2010 at: https://www.cps.gov.uk/legal/a_to_c/bad_character_evidence/, at part 2 (Principle); the prior law did not define what constituted background See e.g. Highton, Van Nguyen and Carp [2005] EWCA Crim 1985; see also generally Spencer, J.R. (2006). Evidence of Bad Character, c.1, 2 See Campbell [2007] 1 WLR 2798 Ibid Ibid, para 14 Ibid, para 45 Boardman , supra; see also Allen, Christopher (2006) Evidence QA 2005-2006 6/e Spencer, 4.20, 4.29

The Unethicality of the Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital Study

Jewish, Nazi, Tuskegee, Willowbrook Studies Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital Study The 1962-63 Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital Study was unethical because the presiding physician, Chester M. Southam, injected live cancer cells into twenty-two chronically ill, non-cancer patients without their written consent. Southam attempted to justify his actions (not informing his patients) by stating that he did not wish to stir up any unnecessary anxieties in the patients who had phobia and ignorance about cancer (Standler, 1997). Southam was put on probation for 1 year after being found guilty of fraud/deceit and unprofessional conduct by the New York State medical licensing board. This study could be done ethically if a terminally ill but lucid patient volunteered to have cancer cells injected into his/her body for a scientific study. Some have argued that important information related to the way in which, and the rapidity in which, cancer cells metastases has been obtained by this study. But this has been highly debated (Standler, 1997). Nazi Experiments Nazi experiments and its Japanese counterpart (Unit 731) were unethical because it involved the abuse and torture of a subjugated people. In the case of Germany it was Jews, Pols, and the disabled who were exploited for nefarious reasons against their will. In Japan, it was the Chinese and residents of other Sino-Japanese countries that were abused, tortured, and maltreated. No, the Nazi experiments

Modern Vampires of the City by Vampire Weekend free essay sample

With their popped lacoste polo collars and boat shoes, Vampire Weekend seems to be the antithesis of their name. Since debuting their first, self-titled album in 2008, Vampire Weekend have embraced their contrarian reputation and continuously break expectations of fans and critics. Recently named â€Å"Album of the Year† by Rolling Stones Magazines, Modern Vampires of the City, discards their collegiate image without alienating old fans. The songs themselves remain distinctly branded as Vampire Weekend originals, incorporating African steel guitar, Dominican rhythms, witty lyrics with cultural references, and infectious melodies. But, the album cover’s depiction of a hazy New York City of the past gives off a certain futuristic vibe, which betrays that MOVTC is different from anything that Vampire Weekend has done before. This new album opens with â€Å"Obvious Bicycle† which welcomes the listener with a vaguely hopeful melody that lacks the expected, frenzied guitar riffs and stringed interludes, making it clear that this is a new Vampire Weekend. We will write a custom essay sample on Modern Vampires of the City by Vampire Weekend or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The song’s lyrics themselves turn from the light-heartedness that characterized their debut album, and are largely reflective, hinting at darker, introspective topics such as success and mortality. In MOVTC, Vampire Weekend examines heavier topics with playful lyrics and a healthy dose of self-awareness. In the track â€Å"Diane Young†, which is wordplay on the phrase â€Å"dying young†, lead singer Ezra Koenig’s voice is manipulated several octaves lower as he repeats the word â€Å"Baby† over and over again creating an eerie effect. The use of autotune is just one of the new production techniques producer and band member Rostam Batmanglij has employed with the help of new producer Ariel Rechtshaid. In â€Å"Ya Hey†, spoken word and squeaky Alvin-and-the-Chipmunks-styled â€Å"ya hey’s† blends together to create one of the album’s catchiest tracks. Some tracks such as â€Å"Hannah Hunt† and â€Å"Hudson† explore the melancholy arrangements that first appeared in their sophomore album, Contra, with frontman, Ezra Koenig’s haunting vocals transporting listeners to the eerie New York City pictured on the cover. While the cheery â€Å"Finger Back† and â€Å"Worship You† are reminiscent of their â€Å"Oxford Comma† days, recalling days on the shores of Cape Cod. MOVTC is a true culmination of the music Vampire Weekend has created over the past 5 years. Without losing their â€Å"Upper West Side Soweto† roots, Vampire Weekend has cemented their inimitable style in this masterfully crafted album worthy of the title â€Å"Album of the Year†.

Macro Economics - Two of the Four Dragons - Hong Kong and Singapore free essay sample

Two of the Four Dragons Mary Carroll ECON224-1101A-14 March 13, 2011 Two of the Four Dragons Hong Kong has a unique history as they were occupied by the United Kingdom (UK) for approximately 99 years beginning in 1841. An agreement was reached in 1984 between China and the UK where Hong Kong would go back under Chinese rule with some unique exceptions. Hong Kong would operate under China’s â€Å"one country, two systems† formula for the next 50 years. Ultimately this meant China’s socialist society would not be forced on Hong Kong allowing their autonomy for the next 50 years, except in matters of foreign and defense affairs. On December 19, 1984, a new agreement was signed between China and the UK transferring the rule of Hong Kong back over to China. It took some time to develop the specifics of governance and Hong Kong officially came under China on July 1, 1997. This day is celebrated as Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Establishment Day (Central Intelligence Agency, 2011). We will write a custom essay sample on Macro Economics Two of the Four Dragons Hong Kong and Singapore or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For now Hong Kong operates under a free market economy and highly dependent on international trade and finance. The value of their goods and services exported (including re-exports) are four times the GDP. Hong Kong’s GDP in comparison to the world is number 47 and in 2010 their official exchange rate in 2010 was estimated at $226. 5 billion with 5. 7% GDP significantly improving from -2. 8% GDP in 2009. In 2008 the GDP per capita was $44,800 and then declined in 2009 with the global economic downturn to $43,400 GDP (PPP) and then improving to $45,600 in 2010. Hong Kong made a quick recovery after the global financial economic crisis beginning in Q4 of 2009 and grew 10% in 2010 (Central Intelligence Agency). Hong Kong has an extremely low debt, low tariffs and minimal corruption and is considered to be one of the most economically free countries ( Hernandez, 2009). Hong Kong grew from a relatively backward economy prior to the 1970’s to what is considered today as a Newly Industrialized Economies (NIE). This rapid growth occurred in a relatively short period of time and the question is how Hong Kong continues its path of economic freedom. Hong Kong’s key industries are banking and tourism and what manufacturing they previously did under the UK they have now transferred to their mainland (Dave, 2007). The first recommendation to continue the growth of Hong Kong would be to invest in Research and Development establishing itself as a new center of growth to advance technology and its overall intellectual property. This would open the door for investors to tap into new opportunities of growth specifically in the technology industry. The second area to increase growth would be in advancement of the first by increasing secondary level education and building up technological training as Hong Kong has lagged behind in this arena. Recognizing that Human Capital Management is equally important as advancing technology, where there is a highly skilled and highly demanded workforce to accompany the growth and expansion from R D. Thirdly, it is critical to keep the governmental regulations and involvements in trade, banking, R D, education, etc†¦to the right balance. The lack of involvement and regulations allowed items that should have been advancing go unchecked. Finding the right balance of intervention, specific to technology and education is a key for economic growth; Hong Kong is the gateway to China and has the opportunity to advance in these areas and open up newer markets (Dave). Based on the three items of growth selected, the â€Å"Slow Growth† formula would be applicable as it focuses on technological economic progress. This model may very well be the best to apply for a NIE as it takes a more standard, traditional approach to growth where a fast pace approach has preceded. The key components of this model include growth of the labor market, capital input and total factor productivity. By putting an increased focus on R D and technology this will incite investors to keep at the newly governed country’s table and open doors for learning and development which could progress Hong Kong’s workforce into the future (Dave). There are four countries that have been linked together and dubbed as â€Å"Asia’s Four Little Dragons† and they are Hong Kong, Taiwan, South Korean and Singapore. In addition to experiencing extreme growth and rapid industrialization between the 1960’s – and 1990’s these ‘Four Asian Tigers† have in common a very strong Chinese cultural influence (â€Å"Four asian tigers†, nd). For the purpose of the paper, we will shift our focus to Singapore, one of the other dragons. Unlike Hong Kong, Singapore’s growth focused on electronics, information technology, and pharmaceuticals. The real GDP growth averaged 7. 1% for a period of four years from 2004-2008 and like other countries took a hit with the global financial crisis. Singapore rebounded to 14. 7% GDP in 2010. Singapore has grown its financial services sector and is now known as one of Southeast Asia’s high tech centers (Central Intelligence Agency). Singapore’s low unemployment rate of 2. % combined with their GDP – per capita (PPP) has risen to $57,200 in 2010 creating a reputation for a type of lifestyle enjoyed by the ‘middle class’. Singapore economy has flourished in the electronics and information technology sector but with neighborhood competitors taking their share in this market the time to identify new growth strategies are critical. Singapore has relied h eavily on major corporations making their home in this land to take advantage of lower wages and overall investment and this creates significant risks. To continue its economic growth, Singapore can leverage several economic strategies. First, restructure the taxes, service fee cuts to expand the economy by increasing domestic consumption and investment by the private sector by increasing their benefits in items like education and healthcare. Next, diversify and promote growth in lifestyle industries like tourism, building new resorts, attractions such as the Formula One Race and future planned state-of-the-art Sports Hub to be completed in 2012 and a National Art Gallery in 2013. As well as continue to establish Singapore as a technology hub by continued investment in innovation (â€Å"Singapore’s new growth engines†, 2009). Lastly, work closely the Monetary Authority to ensure the appropriate monetary policies are in place to manage inflation and keep exports in balance. Some economist expects the â€Å"Monetary Authority of Singapore to allow a faster pace of currency appreciation and the central bank which uses its currency rather than interest rates to manage price gains, forecast inflation will average between 3 percent and 4 percent in 2011†, (Adams, 2011). Singapore’s is one of the most open economies in the world and choosing to leverage the economic strategy of a ‘Demand Economy’ by continuing to diversify it’s trade is key. Already, trade is three times the size of their GDP and external demand generates more than three fourths of the economy’s total demand. Singapore also enjoys one of the largest ports in the world and can export with ease. Unlike its sister tiger, Hong Kong who has yet to invest in new technologies, R D and education; Singapore can now reap the benefits of a demand economic strategy versus a slow growth one (Singapores engines of, 2010). The similarities between these â€Å"Four Asian Tigers† have remarkably impacted their overall economic models driven highly by an export versus import model. They are known in the west by their inexpensive but productive workforce. These countries have been able to keep agricultural workers satisfied by promoting land reform and property rights and ensuring benefits supporting the agricultural policies. Ultimately keeping unemployment very low, focusing on exports and trade to wealthier countries and interestingly enough close ties to the US (â€Å"Four asian tigers†). | References Central Intelligence Agency, (2011). The world fact book (ISSN 1553-8133). Washington, DC: Retrieved from https://www. cia. gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/hk. html Dave, T. (2007, July 9). A study on technological progress and economic growth in hong kong. Retrieved from http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/299876/a_study_on_technological_progress_and_pg3. html? cat=9 Hernandez, F. (2009, June 12). Top 5 most economically free countries in the world. Retrieved from http://www. associatedcontent. om/article/1826317/top_5_most_economically_free_countries_pg2. html? cat=3 Singapores new growth engines a stimulant to lifestyle industry. (2009, October 1). Retrieved from http://www. articlesbase. com/art-and-entertainment-articles/singapores-new-growth-engines-a-stimulant-to-lifestyle-industry-1289339. html Adam, S. (2011, March 11). Singapore’s economy may expand 5. 7% this year, central bank survey shows. Retrieved from http://www. bloomberg. com/news/2011-03-09/singapore-s-economy-may-expand-5-7-this-year-central-bank-survey-shows. html Singapores engines of growth. (2010,

Towton - Battle of Towton - Wars of the Roses - Edward IV

Towton - Battle of Towton - Wars of the Roses - Edward IV Battle of Towton: Date Conflict: The Battle of Towton was fought on March 29, 1461, during the Wars of the Roses (1455-1485). Armies Commanders Yorkists Edward IV20,000-36,000 men Lancastrians Henry Beaufort, Duke of Somerset25,000-42,000 men Battle of Towton - Background: Beginning in 1455, the Wars of the Roses saw a dynastic conflict erupt between King Henry VI (Lancastrians) and the out-of-favor Richard, Duke of York (Yorkists). Prone to bouts of insanity, Henrys cause was chiefly advocated by his wife, Margaret of Anjou, who sought to protect their sons, Edward of Westminster, birthright. In 1460, the fighting escalated with Yorkist forces winning the Battle of Northampton and capturing Henry. Seeking to assert his power, Richard attempted to claim the throne after the victory. Blocked from this by his supporters, he agreed to the Act of Accord which disinherited Henrys son and stated that Richard would ascend to the throne upon the kings death. Unwilling to let this stand, Margaret raised an army in northern England to revive the Lancastrian cause. Marching north in late 1460, Richard was defeated and killed at the Battle of Wakefield. Moving south, Margarets army defeated the Earl of Warwick at the Second Battle of St. Albans and recovered Henry. Advancing on London, her army was prevented from entering the city by the Council of London which feared looting. Battle of Towton - A King Made: As Henry was unwilling to enter the city by force, negotiations began between Margaret and the council. During this time, she learned that Richards son, Edward, Earl of March, had defeated Lancastrian forces near the Welsh border at Mortimers Cross and was uniting with the remnants of Warwicks army. Concerned about this threat to their rear, the Lancastrian army began withdrawing northwards to a defensible line along the River Aire. From here they could safely await reinforcements from the north. A skillful politician, Warwick brought Edward to London and on March 4 had him crowned as King Edward IV. Battle of Towton - Initial Encounters: Seeking to defend his newly won crown, Edward immediately began moving to crush the Lancastrian forces in the north. Departing on March 11, the army marched north in three divisions under the command of Warwick, Lord Fauconberg, and Edward. In addition, John Mowbry, Duke of Norfolk, was sent to the eastern counties to raise additional troops. As the Yorkists advanced, Henry Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, commanding the Lancastrian army began making preparations for battle. Leaving Henry, Margaret, and Prince Edward at York, he deployed his forces between the villages of Saxton and Towton. On March 28, 500 Lancastrians under John Neville and Lord Clifford attacked a Yorkist detachment at Ferrybridge. Overwhelming men under Lord Fitzwater, they secured the bridge over the Aire. Learning of this, Edward organized a counterattack and sent Warwick to attack Ferrybridge. To support this advance, Fauconberg was ordered to cross the river four miles upstream at Castleford and move to attack Cliffords right flank. While Warwicks assault was largely held, Clifford was forced to fall back when Fauconberg arrived. In a running fight, the Lancastrians were defeated and Clifford was killed near Dinting Dale. Battle of Towton - Battle Joined: The crossing retaken, Edward advanced across the river the next morning, Palm Sunday, despite the fact that Norfolk still had not arrived. Aware of the previous days defeat, Somerset deployed the Lancastrian army on a high plateau with its right anchored on the stream of the Cock Beck. Though the Lancastrians occupied a strong a position and had a numerical advantage, the weather worked against them as the wind was in their face. A snowy day, this blew the snow in their eyes and limited visibility. Forming to the south, the veteran Fauconberg advanced his archers and opened fire. Assisted by the strong the wind, the Yorkist arrows fell in the Lancastrian ranks causing casualties. Replying, the Lancastrian archers arrows were hampered by the wind and fell short of the enemys line. Unable to see this due to the weather, they emptied their quivers to no effect. Again the Yorkist archers advanced, gathering up the Lancastrian arrows and shooting them back. With losses mounting, Somerset was forced to take action and ordered his troops forward with a cry of King Henry! Slamming into the Yorkist line, they slowly began pushing them back (Map). On the Lancastrian right, Somersets cavalry succeeded in driving off its opposite number, but the threat was contained when Edward shifted troops block their advance. Details pertaining the fighting are scarce, but it is known that Edward flew about the field encouraging his men to hold and fight. As the battle raged, the weather worsened and several impromptu truces were called to clear the dead and wounded from between the lines. With his army under severe pressure, Edwards fortunes were bolstered when Norfolk arrived after noon. Joining Edwards right, his fresh troops slowly began to turn the battle. Outflanked by the new arrivals, Somerset shifted troops from his right and center to meet the threat. As the fighting continued, Norfolks men began to push back the Lancastrian right as Somersets men tired. Finally as their line neared Towton Dale, it broke and with it the entire Lancastrian army. Collapsing into full retreat, they fled north in an attempt to cross the Cock Beck. In full pursuit, Edwards men inflicted severe losses on the retreating Lancastrians. At the river a small timber bridge quickly collapsed and others reportedly crossed on a bridge of bodies. Sending horsemen forward, Edward pursued the fleeing soldiers through the night as the remnants of Somersets army retreated to York. Battle of Towton - Aftermath: Casualties for the Battle of Towton are not known with any precision though some sources indicate they may have been has high as 28,000 total. Others estimate losses around 20,000 with 15,000 for Somerset and 5,000 for Edward. The largest battle fought in Britain, Towton was a decisive victory for Edward and effectively secured his crown. Abandoning York, Henry and Margaret fled north to Scotland before separating with the latter ultimately going to France to seek aid. Though some fighting continued for the next decade, Edward ruled in relative peace until the Readeption of Henry VI in 1470. Selected Sources HistoryNet: Battle of TowtonUK Battlfields Resource Centre: Battle of Towton

An Analysis Of A Doll s House Essay -- A Dolls House, Henrik Ibsen

A Doll’s House, by Henrik Ibsen, has created huge controversy since its creation in 1879. In fact, in order for Ibsen’s play to be shown in some theatres, he was required to rewrite an alternative ending, which he called â€Å"a barbaric outrage.† The three-act play is about an everyday housewife and mother of three children, Nora Helmer. In order to save her husband’s life, she forges her dying father’s signature and takes out a loan from Nils Krogstad. She spares any money Torvald gives her and secretly writes documents for money to pay back the loan in small portions. When her husband is promoted to manager at the bank, his first task is to terminate Krogstad. Krogstad threatens to tell Torvald about the crime Nora has committed unless she is able to persuade her husband to keep Krogstad. When Nora fails to preserve his job, Krogstad places Nora’s doom in the mailbox. Out of rage, Torvald demands his wife to leave but reads another letter from Krogstad saying he had a change of heart and would not reveal her crime to the public. Torvald begs Nora to stay. Nora senses she has been a doll to her father and husband her entire life and needs to leave to gain her independence. During this time society would reject the thought of a mother ever leaving her family; after all, this is her greatest duty. The United States government collected data of divorces over a one hundred year span from 1867 to 1967 and found â€Å"a consistent increase for a period of 80 years, 1867-1946† (Plateris 9). They also discovered that the rates â€Å"indicate that in 1890, the first year with data by martial status, 3.0 couples per 1,000 were divorced† (Plateris 9). Since we know there is a constant increase, we can also conclud 385). This quote proves her foolishness when she blames Torvald and her father for her own sin. No one forced Nora to commit her crime; she made the fully conscious decision by herself. Overall, Nora is unjustifiable for leaving her children and husband in order to find herself. Some say this was the beginning of the feminist movement but it was not. â€Å"All female or no woman at all, Nora loses either way, qualifying neither as a heroine nor as a spokeswoman for feminism. Her famous exit embodies only ‘the latest and shallowest notion of emancipated womanhood, abandoning her family to go out into the world in search of ‘her true identity’ † (Templeton 117). Nora is without justification when she chose to leave. She could have found alternatives to handle this situation in a better way but instead she remains narrow-minded, sophomoric, thoughtless, and self-centered.

A Mobile Application for Home Depot Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A Mobile Application for Home Depot - Case Study Example The flow of information within the organization network determines the efficiency of operations and the ease of access of information of customers. Maintaining up to date records and managing inventories is an attribute that allows organizations to remain viable within a competitive economy, for this reason, it is crucial for organizations to manage their information distribution networks and manage the people and their access to information to achieve effectiveness in an organization. Home Depot is an organization that has remained behind in innovation and integration of information technology in their distribution networks. Consequently, the organization has underperformed owing to their old information management systems that are ineffective and poor development of their website. The new CEO of new depot has a vision for the information distribution network of the organization. To start with, he builds a mobile network for information flow within the organizations. First phones wi ll allow the organizations to manage their inventories in real time as the selling operations take place. This real time update of the inventories will ensure that business records are effectively maintained without requiring manual entry of information. In addition, the associates of Home Depot can, through the mobile application, seamless monitor inventories remotely from any store. Resultantly, business operations will be automated, making it easier for even one manager to monitor all business operations remotely. Secondly, the organization strategy to develop an interactive website will form a core part of their information distribution network. Through the website, they can disseminate marketing information to their target customers which is expected to make the public more conscious of their products and attract more online buyers (Reynolds 6). Developing an effective information distribution network will harness more profits for the organization by ensuring that information f lows effectively to the customers, and that business operations are timely and automated. Management of people for retrieval of knowledge is a critical aspect of business organizations. The CEO of Home depot has integrated technology in people management to ensure that both employees and customers are well coordinated. His idea to equip the employees with First Phones is geared towards the development of an effective communication between the employees of Home Depot. As Reynolds (6) points out, communication is a key aspect of the people management in a business environment. First phones will allow employees to communicate effectively from their locations and coordinate with each other without having to respond to the fixed walkie-talkies that demand a fixed employee presence, which will hasten communication. The blogger site will allow customers to post their feedback and receive answers from their questions. In turn, customer feedback can be adopted to develop goods that correspon d to customers’ preferences. Consequently, Management of the information systems will be a customer value approach that will help to satisfy customers better. Case Study, Marketing With Facebook Marketing policy is the vehicle that drives an organization’s products from their point of development to their point of selling at the customer site. Currently, information technology has opened an avenue for organizations to distribute their product information to their customers and allow customers to acquire this information. The internet platform has become a superior strategy for organizations to define the face of the marketing policy and roll out their products more efficiently. Facebook is one of the social media online services that have been embraced for organizational marketing. Organizations utilize

Organisational Change Case Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Organisational Change Case Report - Essay Example However, the restructuring process resulted in loss of customer loyalty and negative publicity. In the current study, various models for organisational change have been studied and the best model for Qantas change management has been selected. This model has been used in various applications in order to facilitate better communication and increase motivation as well as employee engagement. The model is also helpful in determining the various strategies through which the business can be improved and made sustainable. Conclusions helped in wrapping up the entire report with important points. Recommendations have been given in terms of the failure of earlier strategies as well as future strategies, which can be an added advantage to the current change management process. Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Critical Evaluation of Diagnostic Models 3 2.1 Open system Model 3 2.2 Congruence Model 4 2.3 Burke-Litwin Model 5 2.4 Choice of Diagnostic Model for Qantas 6 3. Application of selected mod el to Qantas 6 3.1 Application in the formal organizational system 7 3.2 Application in informal organization 8 3.3 Application in Employee management 8 4. Conclusion 9 5. Recommendations 9 References 11 1. Introduction Qantas is an airline carrier in Australia. The airline carries 65 percent share of the domestic market of Australia and around 19 percent of international passengers travelling in and out of the nation. Sydney airport is the major hub (Qantas, 2013a). The company saw a huge decline in their profit margin in the year 2012 when profits went negative (Qantas, 2013b). As a result, the management decided to bring about huge restructuring in their organization as well as strategies. The airline carrier has been involved in organizational restructuring as a result of the increasing economic downturn and loss of revenue. The organization was in news because of its massive reduction in management staffs and employee layoffs as a fundamental review process (Paraskevas, 2006). Through this organizational change management process, the company hopes to cope up with the ongoing economic challenges and revive its organization from the present global financial downturn. The objective of this report is to analyze the change management process occurring in the organization. The study will involve use of various diagnostic tools for organizational change management and identify the tools best suitable for the organization. Literature review as well as organizational practice will be considered while reviewing and identifying recommendations and selecting appropriate methods. 2. Critical Evaluation of Diagnostic Models 2.1 Open system Model It is an organizational model which recognizes that an organization exists in the framework of a bigger environment which affects its performance and in turn also affects the way an organization interacts with the change. According to this model, firms operate within external environment, taking specific inputs and transformin g those using technical and social processes (Sullivan, 2004). The outputs are returned to this environment and used as feedback for firm’s functioning. Open system model can be described on the basis of its various properties described below; Environment: Open system environment involve people and organization exchanging resources and information with the environment.

Male Masochism in the Religious Lyrics of Donne and Crashaw Essay

Male Masochism in the Religious Lyrics of Donne and Crashaw The impetus of my psychoanalytic exploration of male masochism in Donne and Crashaw occurs in Richard Rambuss's "Pleasure and Devotion: The Body of Jesus and Seventeenth-Century Religious Lyric," in which he opens up possibilities for reading eroticism (especially homoeroticism) in early modern representations of Christ's body. In this analysis, Rambuss opposes Caroline Walker Bynum who, in response to Leo Steinberg's The Sexuality of Christ in Renaissance Art, claims that depictions of Christ's genitalia (the focus of Steinberg's work) can only be regarded as erotic from a modern standpoint, for such representations in historical context, before the advent of modern sexuality, could not have rendered "sexual" meanings for their audiences but only those signifying reproduction. As Rambuss points out, Bynum's analysis denies the possibility of reading the erotic--especially the homoerotic--in medieval/Renaissance representation (268), for it works on the underlying assumption that such meanings are structured according to the false binary of "sexual/generative." Conversely, In Rambuss's view, "the body [is] at least potentially sexualized, as a truly polysemous surface where various significances and expressions--including a variety of erotic ones--compete and collude with each other in making the body meaningful" (268). This is where my exploration begins. Rather than "delimit the erotic," I wish to investigate what is potentially sexual in seventeenth-century religious poetry (here that of Donne and Crashaw), tracing not only "same-sex" desire "spun out from and around Christ's body," as Rambuss has done but also examining libidinal economie... ...ery of a different strain of masochism than that which Freud labeled "moral"--"Christian masochism" (197). [3] In "The Economic Problem of Masochism," Freud identifies three types of masochism: 1) Primary or erotogenic--the bodily association of pain and sexual excitement; 2) feminine--the desire to be beaten; and 3) moral--the self-inflicted torture of one's ego by the superego (161). My term, erotic masochism, would include the "erotogenic" and "feminine" in a Freudian framework. [4] Jean Laplanche, in Life and Death in Psychoanalysis, has shown the role of such transition in the human subject's "sexualization," or movement from non-sexual to "sexualized" drives. In erotic forms of sadism and masochism, the subject transforms [via a "prop"] non-sexual aggression into a desire for sexual aggression, directed at others or against the self (85-102).

Leadership scenario Essay

INTRODUCTION The purpose of the paper is to explore the various types of leadership styles that affected the motivation of the employee. Jonathan and Dan have two different managerial styles. Jonathan a manager in super market who prefers to change the duties of his subordinates. He is effective manager who is liked by his employees and everyone in supermarket wants to work for him. Dan a manager who prefers a consecutive routine and adherence with a focus on repeatability. He is moderator for 30 minutes lunch break. The main characters are two friends Alex and Stephanie. They work full time and this job helps them to pay for college. Alex works for Dan, he portrayed as unhappy and disappointed. Stephanie works for Jonathon and always ready to work, she is vigorous and high motivated. This case â€Å"A Question of Motivation† will be analyzed through the Needs – Goal Theory (Maslow), Equity Theory of Motivation, Hershey – Blanchard Life-Cycle Theory and Path-Goal Theory. NEEDS – GOAL THEORY (MASLOW) â€Å"Maslow states that human beings possess the five basic needs and theorizes that they can be arranged in a hierarchy of importance – the order in which individuals generally strive to satisfy them†.(Certo&Certo, 2012, p.371) Motivation has a significant meaning in understanding subordinate’s behavior; motivation can influence this behavior to rich goals. Maslow’s Motivational theory is based on the idea that human behavior is controlled through a limited number of developing fundamental needs which operate in a fixed sequence. Need is defined as a condition of deficit. Individuals are perceived as a biological being having psychological capacities. The psychological needs – the needs that are usually taken as the starting point for motivation theory are so-called psychological drivers.2 The Maslow hierarchy of needs starts from the bottom of the pyramid. First step is _psychological needs_, these needs include necessities like food, sleep, water, sexual drive, breathing, air. These necessities required for body to survive and normal function. Next step is _security needs,_ they contain  security of family, health, body, resources, property, employment, a safe work environment. Next is _social needs_, it includes the desire for social contact and interaction, friendship, family, affection and other various types of support. Above social needs are _esteem needs_ which include status, recognition, confidence, respect of others. As they are satisfied, individual goes upper and stands on final need_- self-actualization needs._ At this stage an individual needs morality, problem solving, creativity, desire for achievement, personal growth and development. The movement from one level to the next was termed satisfaction progression by Maslow and it was assumed that over time individuals were motivated to continually progresses upward through these levels. In the case study, â€Å"A Question of Motivation†, Robbins and Judge 12th edition many of these levels are demonstrated, for instance, sense of safety â€Å"†Though pay isn’t great, it’s a steady job that allow them some flexibility, which helps when scheduling classes†(Robbins & Judge, 2007, p. 712). It’s security of having a job and security of being able to pay for college. An example of social needs described in first paragraph, it states that Alex and Stephanie became friends because similar situation made them closer to each other. Their managers Dan and Jonathan are differ in esteem needs, especially Dan is making Alex’s self-respect descend while it’s opposite for Stephanie. According to Robbins and Judge â€Å"_A Question of Motivation,_ 12th edition, Alex’s manager (Dan) supervises the produce department and prefers for subordinates to work in the same position at all times, he often humiliate Alex. Stephanie’s manager (Jonathan) is very friendly, he encourages his subordinates to increase their horizon by letting creativity and working and working in different positions. Stephanie is able to be challenge at work that’s why she is very confident, while Alex feels like grotty and useless because his manager doesn’t let him show his abilities and do his best. Alex has a low self-estimate because of another worker who is doing the same job but she is a new worker and gets more money than Alex. Stephanie’s manager helps her to encounter self-actualization needs; he puts the trust at her and what she is doing. When there is lack of items, Jonathan enables his workers the ability to achieve tasks by ordering supplies She is heartened, she has high problem solving skills, also she can  apply her creativity on making new recipes. This all is the result of manager’s motivational and management skills. EQUITY THEORY OF MOTIVATION All people seek for fairness between what they put into job and what they get of it. Adams calls these inputs and outputs. According to Certo&Certo(2012) â€Å"Equity theory looks at an individual’s perceived fairness of an employment situation and finds that perceived inequities can lead to changes in behavior† (p. 369). This theory based on the social comparison process of examining the ratio of inputs and outcomes between oneself and a comparison other, for example, individuals compare themselves with others, and perceive what they benefit from job. When individuals aren’t treated fairly when compared to their coworkers, they tend react in a number of ways, including changing their work habits to better reap the rewards, resent coworkers and management for the inequality or in extreme cases quit (Certo & Certo, 2012). Inputs typically include: determination, tolerance, hard work, loyalty, effort, commitment, support of colleagues and subordinates, ability, flexibility, personal scarifies, heart and soul. Outputs are typically financial rewards: pay, salary, expenses, bonus payment, travel, development, perks, interest, reputation, respect, praise and thanks, sense of achievement and advancement, promotion, stimulus. If individual feels that inputs are rewarded by outputs, then he/she is happy to work and more motivated to continue inputting at the same level. However, if individual feels that ratio of inputs to outputs is less beneficial than the ratio of others, then he/she becomes unmotivated to work and decreases inputting. In this case â€Å"A Question of Motivation†, Robbins and Judge, 12th edition, there is an unfair in Alex and Stephanie duties. Stephanie has a boss who inspires and empowers her to make decisions and try to do her best, while Alex’s boss Dan seems to be stingy for praise and promotion, he holds his subordinates back. That’s why Stephanie loves her job but Alex doesn’t. Jonathan gives Stephanie opportunity to get rewards for good work. This gives her pride for her job and inspiration to continue working at the same  level. (Robbins and Judge, 12th edition). Alex is unhappy with his job. He becomes dispirit with job â€Å"I don’t even care anymore. What’s the point? If I stock more apples, or something meaningless like that, what does it get me-another sticker that says ‘good job†? ( Robbins and Judge, 12th edition, p. 713). Discouraged with Dan and his management styles he gives up changing the situation, but doesn’t quit because he needs the job. Alex doesn’t want to struggle about fact that another employee has been working less time and is being paid more because she tells compliments to his manager. Alex and Stephanie work in the same place of employment, the same work schedule, but the feedback of this job is different. My opinion that this type of motivation has only one side with good destination. As result, Stephanie is high motivated, while Alex is just working for salary without receiving any skills. THE HERSEY – BLANCHARD LIFE CYCLE THEORY OF LEADERSHIP Leadership is a major way in which people change the minds (influence) of others and move minds of others and move organizations forward to reach identified goals.†The Life Cycle Theory of Leadership is a rationale for linking styles with various situations to ensure effective leadership† (Certo&Certo, 2012, p.342). This theory is based on the employee’s maturity and their ability to work without supervision. Also this theory states that successful leaders should change their leadership styles based on the maturity of the people they’re leading and the details of the task. Leaders using this theory should be able to place more or less emphasis on the task, and on the relationships with the people they’re leading. According to Certo&Certo, 2012, p.342, there are four different phases to the Life cycle: High task – Low relationships. In this phase employees first join an organization, they usually need direction and require specific instructions as to what to do. Employees must be familiar with organizations procedures and policies. The most appropriate approach is a task-oriented leadership. High task – High relationships. A manager becomes more familiar with  subordinates and trust in their performance. At this phase, followers might be willing to work on the task, but they still don’t have the skills to complete it successfully. Low task – High relationships. Leaders focus more on the relationship and less on direction. The leader works with the team, and shares decision-making responsibilities. As subordinates abilities and performance become obvious and as experience increases, subordinates seek more responsibility. However managers continue to support and encourage subordinates. Low task – High relationships. At this phase subordinates are able to work on their own. They have high self-confidence and skills. Leaders still oversee in progress but less involved in decision making situations. This case study â€Å"A Question of Motivation† Robbins and Judge 12th edition is described two managers. Stephanie’s manager Jonathan is portrayed as â€Å"a 10-year veteran who everyone generally admires for his friendly demeanor and relaxed management style† and that â€Å"he often assigns his employees different duties each week so workers don’t get bored†. Two years ago when Stephanie started working she had high task-low relationships phase. Through the years her maturity increased by this four phases. And now Stephanie merits Jonathan confidence to complete challenging tasks without total supervision â€Å"The nice thing is that I’ll be able to do this on my own, without someone breathing down my neck† (Robbins & Judge, 12thed., p. 714). It is seen that Alex doesn’t like Dan and he doesn’t respect him. They have difficult relationship. When Alex was hired he had a high task-low relationship phase and still without any movement. So, relationship and maturity get stuck. Dan’s attitude toward Alex is shown in lunchtime when Dan told Alex: â€Å"I thought that college students were supposed to be smarter than this. At the very least I would think that they could tell time. I guess the university must have glossed over you applications.† (Robbins & Judge, 12thed., p. 714). It can be see that because of manager’s leadership level Stephanie and Alex receive different skills, though, working at the same time and position. PATH-GOAL THEORY Path – goal theory states that a manager can affect the performance and motivation by offering rewards for achieving goals â€Å"The path-goal theory of leadership suggests that the primary activities of a leader are to make desirable and achievable rewards available to organization members who attain organizational goals and to clarify the kinds of behavior that must be performed to earn those rewards†(Certo&Certo, 2012, p.345). So, this theory based on motivating subordinates to accomplish goals. The manager must use a style that best meets the subordinate’s motivational needs. According to Certo&Certo (2012) there are four path-goal types of leader behavior: DIRECTIVE – The leader gives specific guidance of performance to subordinates, for instance, what to do, how to perform task. SUPPORTIVE – The leader is friendly and shows concern for the subordinates. It is most appropriate for situations in which tasks and relationships are physically or psychologically challenging. PARTICIPATIVE – The leader consults subordinates before making decisions and considers their suggestions. It’s most effective when subordinates are highly disciplined and involved in work. ACHIEVEMENT – The leader puts challenging goals and expects subordinates to have high level performance. In this case study â€Å"A Question of Motivation† Robbins and Judge 12th Ed. It’s obviously seen that Jonathan uses the path-goal theory. He allows his subordinates to change duties time to time. This style helps subordinates to learn each functional area in produce department, increases their productivity. He set a goal to Stephanie to sell 10 bottles of truffle oil and if she achieves it, Jonathan will reward her with a $75 bonus. Jonathan is respected and well-liked, everyone wants to work for him, he created an environment and system that employees find both interesting and challenging â€Å"Most employees want to work for Jonathan, as he often assigns his employees different duties each week so workers don’t get bored.† (Robbins & Judge, 12th Ed., p. 712). It can be seen that Alex’s manager Dan doesn’t use the path-goal theory. He doesn’t interest in participating and supporting his subordinates. He doesn’t set some goals to achieve subordinates. So, Dan  doesn’t change his behavior in any situation. CONCLUSION To complete my leadership scenario I’d like to tell that the most effective and best managers are those who able to unite both motivational and leadership theories to accomplish goals of individual or organization and facilitate the employee performance. The case study â€Å"A Question of Motivation† shows that the most appropriate characters to these four theories of motivation and leadership are Stephanie and Jonathan. Stephanie uses Needs – Goal Theory (Maslow) and Equity Theory of Motivation, she prospers in her job and very happy to be under Jonathan control. As for Jonathan, he uses Hershey – Blanchard Life-Cycle Theory and Path-Goal Theory. We can see that because of Dan’s low level of leadership, Alex suffers and couldn’t do anything. So Dan should learn a lot by observing Jonathan in order to improve and increase his leadership style and behavior. REFERENCES 1) Certo, S. C., & Certo, S. T. (2012). _Modern Management: Concepts and Skills._ Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. 2) Maslow, A.H., 1943, A theory of Human Motivation, p. 372-396. 3) Carrell, Michael R. and Dittrich, John E., 1978, Equity Theory: The Recent Literature, Methodological Considerations, and New Directions, p. 202-208.

Supplier Quality And Supply Chain Management Essay

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Onshore and offshore risk†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 4. Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 5. Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 1. Introduction Supply chain is one of the pivotal for any business. All successful organization whetherRead MoreSupply Chain Managment Essay832 Words   |  4 PagesEvaluate 4.1: Short Paper Evaluate 4.1 Short Paper- Supply Chain Management 1. What aspects of Boeings supplier relations program specifically address reduce inventories; maintain quality, regulatory compliance, and competiveness? Boeing’s supplier relations program is quite expansive and addresses all notable concerns of big a business. In order to reduce inventories by way of its supply chain relations program, Boeing has set in place guidelines and/or procurement policies which act